DCM Paint stripping incidents

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DCM Paint stripping incidents

Incidents with Dichlormethane DCM paint stripping has long been a matter of concern to institutions and organizations involved with occupational safety. Up until 2002, the common (yet mistaken) belief was that although this form of  paint stripping was considered dangerous, there had not been many severe accidents. In fact, it was only the fatal accident of a decorator in London, on 5 April 2002, which raised concern and created the desire to gain a better understanding of incidents involving DCM. In the meantime, several work safety groups have started research, and, in the shortest of time, have been able to compile a longer list of recorded incidents than many had previously expected. Below you will find an overview of incidents involving dichloromethane in paint removers, cleaning products or other applications, as well as further studies and summaries relevant to this subject.

Please note that whilst the below table should not be considered complete, it lists those incidents relating to the use of dichloromethane in paint strippers which we are aware of, and where there is documented, accessible evidence of their occurrence. The intention of this table is to counter-balance what EASCR considers to be misleading statements presented in the media which not only  describe paint stripping with dichloromethane as safe, but give the impression that simple protection (although not specified) would be sufficient to avoid potentially dangerous side effects. Its purpose, as with most activities conducted by EASCR, is to stimulate open debate on the safe use of paint strippers (both commercially and domestically) by raising awareness for issues often neglected through insufficient representation in the appropriate forums. We believe that by accepting the existence of such incidents, that all parties will be able to earn from experience, and cooperate in creating a safer work environment for those employed in the coating removal business.

Help us to reveal more! We believe there must be more incidents which remain unrecorded, and that the list below does not fully reflect the danger of working with DCM. You, as visitor to this site, and therefore hopefully also a supporter of our position. Contact us here

Counter
54 708 762
fatalities incidents TOTAL
For incidents with dichloromethane paint strippers
consumer
256
Last updated January 15, 2008
professional
506
environmental
1
DCM paint stripper incidents
Date Fat Acc
Country
Literature
1935
 
2
UK
Collier, H.: Methylene Dichloride Intoxination in Industry - A report of two cases; Lancet 1; 594-595 (1936)
         
1959
1
 
USA
Craig S. O'Connell - 1985 / www.trainweb.org/crocon/okie.html
         
1960
1
1
UK
Gerritsen, Buschmann - Phosgene poisoning caused be DCM paint strippers, Brit.J.industr.Med. 1960, 17, 187
         
1976
1
 
USA
Stewart R.D.,paint remover hazard. JAMA, 1976,235
 
4
 
USA
US Consumer product safety commission, Jan 6, 1978
   
1
UK
Roberts, Marshall, Br Med J 1976, 1, 20-21 - sucicide ingesting of Nitromors
   
2
UK
Langehenning, Seeler, Berman; N Engl J Med 1976; 295; 1137
1977
1
USA
Bastos, Bonventre et al, J Anal Toxicol,1977, vol1, 158-160 / 2 cases
         
1978
 
1
UK
Barowcliff D.F. - Chronic carbon monoxide poisoning caused by methylene chloride paint stripper - Med Sci Law 1978, Vol 18, No 4, p 238
         
1980
1
UK
Fagin et al, Br Med J, 1980, 281, 1461
   
8
UK
M.A.Bakinson, R.D. Jones: Gassings due to methylene chloride, xylene, toluene, and styrene reported to Her Majesty's Factory Inspectorate; Br.J.Ind.med., 42, 184 (1985). 33 incidents caused by DCM incl. 1 fatalities during 1961-1980; 8 in paint stripping, 12 in cleaning and 13 in manufacturing
1981
 
1
UK
Memon, Davidson; Br Med J (Clin Res) 1981; 282; 1033-1034 - Nitromors case, 25 year-old used paint stripper in a confined space for 3-4 hours.
         
1983   
1
USA
Tariot PN; Dellirium resulting from methylene chloride exposure: Case report. J Clin Psychiatry 1983, 44:340-342
         
1984
1
1
Japan
Shinomiya T., Skinomi K. (1985) Un cas de mort d'intoxication engendrée par le chlorure de méthylène à l'occasion de la pulvérisation dans un nouveau cargo.Acta Med Leg Soc (Liege) 35 (1), 135-156
 
1
 
UK
The Daily Telegraph - UK - March 29, 1998
   
1
Germany
Protocol of a DCM accident in Kassel-Germany 24.4.1985
1985
1
 
USA
Novak et al, Appl Occup Environ Hyg, 1990, 5, 843
   
1
Germany
Bau-BG Hannover 12 June 1985 - TU Berlin accident protocol
   
1
Germany
Schiele, Württ. Bau-BG-Mitteilungen 4/85
   
1
Germany
Protocol of a DCM accident in Fuldatal -Germany 19.4.1985
   
1
UK
Miller, Pateras, Friederlei; "Acute tubular necrosis after inhalation exposure to methylene chloride", Arch. Intern Med 1985; 145; 145-146
1986
 
1
USA
Buie, Pratt, May; Am J Med 1986; 81; 702-704
 
2
USA
ACGIH 1986. Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. Fifth ed. American Conference of Governmental industrial Hygienists. Cincinnati, OH, 333. / DCM poisoning in painters who suffered from headache, giddiness, stupor, irritability, numbness and tingling in limbs.
1987
1
 
USA
Novak et al, Appl Occup Environ Hyg, 1990, 5, 843
         
1988
2
2
USA
Hall AK, Rumack BH, "Methylen Chloride Exposure in Furniture-Stripping Shops: Ventilation and Respirator Use Practices"; J. Occup. Med, 32 (1), 33-41 (1990) -> describes cases between 1984-1988
   
2
Germany
Briot, Südwestliche Bau-BG 4/89
 
1
1
Canada
CCOHS fatality reports, Canada http://ncsp.tamu.edu/reports/CCOHS/Fatality%20Reports%202112.htm
1989
2
 
Germany
Kreiszeitung Wesermarsch 5.4.1989
 
1
 
Germany
Bohn, G., Telge K., Commun. IX. Symposium "Forensische Toxikologie" (Bad Doberan 1989) Universität Rostock, Abt. Wiss. Publizistik 9-13 (1990)
   
1
France
Weber et al, Intoxication par immersion dans une cuve a decapage, J Toxicol Clin Exp 1989 (9) No 5, p 355-8 +Weber et al, Arch Mal Prof, 1990, 51, 103
 
1
 
UK
Sheffield "STAR" - 11th January 1989
   1
Switzerland
Velvart, J., Toxkologie der Haushaltsprodukte; Toxikol. Info Zentrum 25-29, 364-365,(1989)
   
2
USA
Rioux, Myers - Hyperbaric Oxygen for methylene chloride poisoning: report on two cases - Ann.Emerg.Med 1989,Vol 18, No6, p 691
1990
2
3
USA
Leikin et al, Am J Emerg Med, 1990,8,534
 
1
USA
Shustermann et al, Methylene chloride intoxination - J Occup Med May;32(5):451-4
 
1
 
Germany
E.Logemann, G. Van der Smissen, Intoxikation mit einem dichlormethanhaltigen Abbeizmittel, Arch. Kriminol. 188 (1991) 159-166
   
Germany
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-19 - E23 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
 
1
  France EPICEA (edition 2006) database from INRS - ident/case 00117
1991
2
1
USA
Safety and Health 1991 http://www.navfac.navy.mil/safety/site/topics/methylene/abstract.htm
         
1992
1
 
Germany
Protocol of a DCM fatality in Minden -Germany 31.7.1992
   
1
USA
Snyder et al, pulmonary toxicity following exposure to methylene chloride and its combustion product phosgene, CHEST 1992, vol 101, No3, p860
    1
Germany
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-19 - E23 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
1993
 
1
USA
US Department of Health and Human Services. Methylene chloride toxicity. Agency for toxic substances and disease registry. Am Fam Physician 1993, 47;1159-66
 
1
UK
N.J. Hughes & J.A. Tracey, A case of Nitromors poisoning, effects on carboxyhaemoglobin levels, Human & Expermental Toxicology (1993), 12 , 159-160 - Nitromors
 
1
1
France
EPICEA (edition 2006) database from INRS - ident/case 04416
    1 Germany German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-19 - E23 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
    12
Sweden
Anundi H, Lindl ML, Friis L, Itkes N, Langworth S, Edling C (1993). High exposures to organic solvents among graffity removers. Int.Arch.Occup.Environ.Hlth., 65 (4):247-251 / High exposure to organic solvents, mainly DCM, among twelve 18- to 36-year-old graffiti removers with a median age of 23 years working during daytime in undreground stations in Sweden. The observed effects consisted primarely of irritative effects in upper respiratory tract and the eyes.
1994
1
 
Singapore
Tay, Singapore Med J, 1995, 36, 444
         
1995
1
 
Korea
Kim et al, J Forensic Sci, 1996, 41,527
   
1
France
EPICEA (edition 2006) database from INRS - ident/case 06270
1996
1
 
USA
Quarterly Review http://www.hrva.com/pgcasualty/96sprqr.htm#product
  2  
USA
Fairfax R, McDonald W, Olmedo M (1996). OSHA Compliance Issues: Accidental deaths following inhalation of methylene chloride. Appl. Occup.Environ.Hyg., 11 (1):17-19. January / Died while removing the surface finish of wood floors of a squash court using a stripper containing 80% DCM with paraffin and toluene.
    1
Germany
GIZ-Nord Poison Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-18 - E23 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
1997
1
 
France
Goullé et al, J Anal Toxicol, 1999, 23, 380-383
   
2
France
Gouillou et al, Rean Urg, 1998, 7, 105
 
1
 
France
EPICEA (edition 2006) database from INRS - ident/case 08613
   
1
France
EPICEA (edition 2006) database from INRS - ident/case 09208
   
6
France
Angers Poison Centre (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E15 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
    18
France
Angers Poison Centre (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E15 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Germany
Bau-BG Hannover - accident protocol 11 August 1997 (mentioned in Reinecke, sicher bauen 1/1999, case 3)
   
1
Germany
Reinecke, sicher bauen 1/1999 (case 2 happened 1997)
   
2
Germany
GIZ-Nord Poison Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-18 - E23 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
    2
UK
British Poison Centres and Databases ROSPA/SWORD/OPRA, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-36 - E40 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
3
UK
British Poison Centres and Databases ROSPA/SWORD/OPRA, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-36 - E40 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
USA
OSHA-report / http://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=170740005
1998
1
 
Germany
Bau-BG Hannover - Protocol of a DCM fatality in Oldenburg -Germany 29.10.1998 (incl in Reinecke, sicher bauen 1/1999, case 1)
   
1
Germany
GIZ-Nord Poison Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-18 - E23 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
6
France
Angers Poison Centre (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E15 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
    12
France
Angers Poison Centre (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E15 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
4
Spain
Spanish National Inst.of Toxicology & Barcelona Poison Control Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-33 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
9
Spain
Spanish National Inst.of Toxicology & Barcelona Poison Control Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-33 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
5
UK
British Poison Centres and Databases ROSPA/SWORD/OPRA, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-36 - E40 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
UK
British Poison Centres and Databases ROSPA/SWORD/OPRA, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-36 - E40 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
 
1999
 
6
UK
The Mirror, 21/12/1999
 
2
 
UK
Croner Smaller Business Briefing, Issue No. 31, 1999
   
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
    16
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
4
Ireland
Irish health and Safety Authority, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.11, page E-24 - E27 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
 
3
UK
British Poison Centres and Databases ROSPA/SWORD/OPRA, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-36 - E40 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
4
UK
British Poison Centres and Databases ROSPA/SWORD/OPRA, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-36 - E40 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Germany
Protocol of a DCM accident in Frankfurt -Germany 8.11.1999
2000
1
 
Spain
Zarrabeitia et al, J. Forensic Sci, 2001, 46, 726-727
 
1
 
Germany
Fechner et al, 2001, Forensic Sci Int, 2001, 122, 69
   
15
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
34
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
7
Ireland
Irish health and Safety Authority, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.11, page E-24 - E27 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Ireland
Irish health and Safety Authority, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.11, page E-24 - E27 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
 
1
3
Switzerland
SUVA, Swiss Compulsory Insurance Company, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-35 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
2
UK
British Poison Centres and Databases ROSPA/SWORD/OPRA, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-36 - E40 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
UK
British Poison Centres and Databases ROSPA/SWORD/OPRA, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-36 - E40 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
8
USA
Occupational hazards-10.10.2002 http://occupationalhazards.com/articles/2491
  1
   
Canada
Environment Canada March 20, 2002 - Company fined for killing birds with DCM stripper in 2000, http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/press/02-03-20_e.html
         
2001
 
17
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
38
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
14
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
France
Boudeaux Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E17, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
4
Ireland
Irish health and Safety Authority, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.11, page E-24 - E27 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Italy
Bergamo Poison Control Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.12, page E-28 - E30 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
21
UK
British Poison Centres and Databases ROSPA/SWORD/OPRA, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-36 - E40 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
48
UK
British Poison Centres and Databases ROSPA/SWORD/OPRA, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-36 - E40 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
         
2002
1
12
UK
BBC-April 5, 2002
 
1
 
France
Testud F., Arch.mal.prof.2002,63,no5,382-387
   
15
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
France
Boudeaux Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E17 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Ireland
Irish health and Safety Authority, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.11, page E-24 - E27 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
France
Boudeaux Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E17, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Ireland
Irish health and Safety Authority, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.11, page E-24 - E27 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Italy
Bergamo Poison Control Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.12, page E-28 - E30 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
2
UK
British Poison Centres and Databases ROSPA/SWORD/OPRA, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-36 - E40 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
UK
British Poison Centres and Databases ROSPA/SWORD/OPRA, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-36 - E40 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
 
1
 
Germany
A.Hahn, et al. - Ärztliche Mitteilungen bei Vergiftungen nach §16e Chemikaliengesetz 2002
 
1
3
Australia
Occupat.Health News, Issue514,May15,2002;
 
1
 
Australia
Occupat.Health News, Issue515,May29,2002
 
1
 
Australia
Occupat.Health News, Issue529,Dec11,2002
2003
2
 
Australia
NICNAS Release Alert on Methylene Chloride in 2003, 6 July 2004
   
1
USA
Newsletter of the Los Angeles County Fire Department Health Hazardous Materials Division, August 2004; Illegal Toxic Discharge Nearly Kills Worker by Paul Biren; http://www.lacofd.org/HHMD/HHMD_NLTr/PDFs/Web.Aug2004.pdf
   
1
Finland
Finnish Poison Information Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-5, table E1.1 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Finland
Finnish Poison Information Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-5, table E1.1 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
18
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
41
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Italy
Bergamo Poison Control Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.12, page E-28 - E30 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Italy
Bergamo Poison Control Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.12, page E-28 - E30 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Slovenia
Slovenian National Chemicals Bureau, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E33 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
2004
 
2
Germany
accidents report industry insurance Rheinland Westfalen 2.6.2004
   
1
Germany
accident report Industry insurance Hamburg 8.3.2004
   
1
Italy
Bergamo Poison Control Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.12, page E-28 - E30 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Finland
Finnish Poison Information Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-5, table E1.1 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
4
Finland
Finnish Poison Information Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-5, table E1.1 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
18
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
42
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
2005
 
1
Germany
Protocol of a DCM accident in Berlin -Germany 19.5.2005
   
1
Israel
Case report: Facial nerve palsy after acute exposure to DCM; Bar Dayan et al. Am.J.Ind.Med. 48:389-392, 2005; http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/112137404/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0.
   
1
Finland
Finnish Poison Information Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-5, table E1.1 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
4
Finland
Finnish Poison Information Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-5, table E1.1 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
15
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
35
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
6
Germany
Erfurt Poison Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", on page E-22 - E23 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Italy
Bergamo Poison Control Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.12, page E-28 - E30 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
2006
 
1
Germany
Protocol of a DCM accident at a dip tank in Hessonia, Germany - April 2006
   
1
Germany
GIZ-Nord Poison Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", Sydow et al on page E-23 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
 
1
4
UK
Guardian Unlimited - 27.10.2006 / HSE investigation - 01.11.06 www.safetynews.co.uk - restorator dip tank
 
1
 
UK
21-year-old died after inhaling deadly fumes at a Wolverhampton paint stripping firm. Coroner's Office confirmed DCM. http://www.expressandstar.co.uk/2006/09/30/paint-stripper-tragedy/
   
10
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
22
France
Angers/Paris/Nancy Poison Centres CAPTV (France), Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", page E-7 - E17, table E1.5 based on 30% consumer incidents calculated from table E1.2 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
   
1
Italy
Bergamo Poison Control Centre, Annexes of the RPA report for the EU Commission "Impact Ass. Of potential restrictions on DCM paint strippers", table E1.12, page E-28 - E30 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/studies_en.htm
2007
1
 
France
Intoxication professionnelle mortelle par le chlorure de méthylène (dichlorométhane), source: AtouteSante 24/1/2007 - dip tank fatality
   
6
UK
Daily Post on 5 Dec 2007:" Danger chemical spray sees pupils rushed to hospital" http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/2007/12/05/danger-chemical-spray-sees-pupils-rushed-to-hospital-55578-20204041/
 
54
708
 

 

 
Cleaning
1977
1
 
USA
Bastos, Bonventre et al, J Anal Toxicol,1977, vol1, 158-160 / 2 cases
   
12
UK
M.A.Bakinson, R.D. Jones: Gassings due to methylene chloride, xylene, toluene, and styrene reported to Her Majesty's Factory Inspectorate; Br.J.Ind.med., 42, 184 (1985). 33 incidents caused by DCM incl. 1 fatalities during 1961-1980; 8 in paint stripping, 12 in cleaning and 13 in manufacturing
1981
1
 
USA
Winek et al, Forensic Sci Int, 1981, 18, 165-168
1984
 
1
UK
Wells et al, Br J Ind Med, 1984, 41, 420
   
2
I
Bernardini et al. - Accidental acute DCM intoxication and experimental assessment of exposure - Med. Lav., 1984, 75,2,133-138
   
1
UK
Keogh AM, Ibels LS, Allen DH et al; Exacerbation of Goodpasture's syndrome after inadvertent exposure to hydrocarbon fumes; Br Med J 1984, 288:188
1989
 
1
USA
Rudge, Military Med, 1990, 155, 570
1990
1
 
Germany
Schmidt, K., Raudonat, H.W., Toxichem+Krimtech 57 (2), 32-33 (1990)
1993
 
1
France
EPICEA (edition 2006) database from INRS - ident/case 04415
   
1
France
EPICEA (edition 2006) database from INRS - ident/case 04910
1996
 
1
USA
Mahmud M, Kales SN, Methylene chloride poisoning in a cabinet worker - Environ Health Perspect 1999 Sep;107(9):769-72
2000
1
 
Japan
Takeshita et al, Postmortem absorption of dichloromethane: a case study and animal experiments, Int. J. of Leg. Med; Vol 114, Numbers 1-2, December 2000
 
4
20
   

spacer
Other Applications
1952
1
3
USA
Moskowitz,S.; Shapiro,H.; Fatal Exposure to Methylene Chloride Vapor. Arch.Ind.Hyg.Occup.Med. 6: 116-123 (1952)
1967
1
4
Germany
Klotzbücher, E. Vergiftungen durch Trinken von Dichlormethan. Dtsch. Gesd.-wes. 3, 52 (1946); Poisoning through drinking of DCM - described in Weiss G.; Toxische Enzephalose from 1967
1967
 
1
Germany
Weiss G. Toxische Enzephalose beim beruflichen Umgang mit Methylenchlorid, Zentralbl Arbeitsmed 17:282-285, 1967 - Parma production
 
1
12
UK
M.A.Bakinson, R.D. Jones: Gassings due to methylene chloride, xylene, toluene, and styrene reported to Her Majesty's Factory Inspectorate; Br.J.Ind.med., 42, 184 (1985). 33 incidents caused by DCM incl. 1 fatalities during 1961-1980; 8 in paint stripping, 12 in cleaning and 13 in manufacturing
1984
 
1
USA
Horowitz BZ; Carboxyhemoglobinemia caused by inhalation of methylene chloride; Am J Emerg Med 4 (1), 48-51 (1986)
 
1
 
USA
Law case from L. Landskroner & Associates - http://www.landskroner.com/Cases.shtml#work
1985
 
1
UK
Sturmann et al., Ann Emerg Med 1985; 14; 903-905 - sniffing
1989
2
 
Italy
Manno et al, 1989 Lancet (29)No2, p274 + Hum Exp Toxicol, 1992, 11, 540
1992
1
 
France
EPICEA (edition 2006) database from INRS - ident/case 02971
   
7
France
EPICEA (edition 2006) database from INRS - ident/case 04776
   
1
France
EPICEA (edition 2006) database from INRS - ident/case 05741
1999
1
5
Taiwan
Chang et al, Diverse manifestations of oral methylene chloride poisoning: Report of 6 cases, J. Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1993 (37) No4, 497-504
2000
 
6
Germany
German News WE.13.9.2000 - accident of DCM tank truck on highway
2002
 
1
France
Raphael et al, Acute methylene chloride intoxication - a case report on domestic poisoning - Europ J Emerg Med, 2002, 9, 57-59
   
4
UK
BBC 28.11.2002 - Glue firm accident
2006
 
Ireland

Pharmceutical firm has been fined €150.000 for DCM emmissions. http://www.bionorthernireland.com/pooled/articles/BF_NEWSART?Q=BF_NEWSART_189556

 
8
46
   
         
TOTAL
66
774
 2
 
         
Studies and Reviews
1964
R.D.Stewart, H.C.Dodd; Absorption of Carbon Tetrachloride, Trichloroethylene, Tetrachloroethylene, Methylene Chloride, and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane through the human skin; Am.Ind.Hyg.Assoc.J.,25,439(1964)
1965
Ethel Browning, Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents, 1965 Elsevier, printed in The Netherlands.
1978
USA- Friedlaender,B.R.; Hearne T.; Hall S.: Epidemiologic Investigation of Employees Chrnically Exposed to Methylene Chloride; J. Occup. Med.: 657 - 666, 1978
1979
Putz, VR et al; A Comparative study of the effects of carbon monoxide and methhylene chloride on human performance, Environ.Pathol.Toxicol 2 (5):97-112 (1979) *Peer Reviewed*
1981
Mackison, Stricoff, Partirdge – NIOSH OSHA – Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH) Publ. No.81-123 (3 Vols) Washington, DC: U.S. Gov printing Office Jan. 1981. 2
1982
USEPA; Health Assessment Document: Dichloromethane p.5-9 (1982) EPA-600/8-82-004**Peer Reviewed*
1983
USA- Ott E.G., Skory L.K., Holder B.B., Bronson B.S., Williams P.R.; Health evaluation of employees occupationally exposed to methylene chloride; Scand. J. Work. Environ. Helath 9 (Suppl. 1): 1-38 (1983)
1985
M.A.Bakinson, R.D. Jones: Gassings due to methylene chloride, xylene, toluene, and styrene reported to Her Majesty's Factory Inspectorate; Br.J.Ind.med., 42, 184 (1985). 33 incidents caused by DCM incl. 1 fatalities during 1961-1980; 8 in paint stripping, 12 in cleaning and 13 in manufacturing
1988
J.P.Rioux, R.A.M.Myers; Methylene Chloride Poisonning: A paradigmatic review; The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 6. Pp. 227-238, 1988
1990
F.T. Hearne, J.W.Pifer, F.Grose; Absense of Adverse Mortality Effects in workers exposed to methylene chloride: an update; J. Occup Med, 1990, 32, 234-240
1991
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Treshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th ed. Volumes I,II,III. Cincinnati, OH:ACGIH, 1991. 984
1991
C.McCammon, R.Glaser, V.Wells, F.Phipps, W.Halperin; Exposure of workers engaged in furniture stripping to methylene chloride as determined by environmental and biological monitoring; Appl Occup. Environ. Hyg. 6(5), May 1991, 371-379
1992
Sullivan, J.B.Jr; G.R.Krieger; Hazardous Materials Toxicology-Clinical Principles of Environmental Health. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1992. p732-747
1993
R.Vincent, P.Poirot, I.Subra, B.Rieger, A.Cicolella; Occupational exposure to organic solvents during paint stripping and painting operations in the aeronautical industry; Int. Arch.Occup.Environ.Health (1994) 65;377-380
1993
Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994. 4034-4045
1994
R.Vincent, P.Poirot, I.Subra, B.Carton, B. Jeandel; Exposition professionelle au dichlorométhane; CND, 1994, 155, 157-167
1997
J.A.Tomenson, S.M.Bonner, C.G.Heijne,D.G.Farrar,T.F.Cummings; Mortality of workers exposed to methylene chloride employed at a plant producing cellulose triacetate flm base; Occupational Environmental Medicine 1997; 54, 470-476
1999
L.D.Dell, K.A.Mundt, M.McDonald,J.P.Tritschler II, D.J.Mundt; Critical review of the epidemiology literature on the potential cancer risk of methylene chloride; Int Arch Occup Environ Health (1999) 72; 429-442
1999
R.Vincent, T.Kauppinen, J.Toikkanen, D.Pedersen, R.Young, M.Kogevinas; CAREX, système international d'information sur L'exposition professionnelle aux agents cancérogène en Europe; CND 1999, 176, 49-58
1999
Tucker A, Simons L.Ph; DCM: Advantages and drawbacks of possible market restrictions in the EU - TNO-STB report for DGIII of the European Commission, Brussels, Belgium in Nov 1999
2000
G.W.Kunsman, C.L.Presses, P.Rodriguez; Carbon monoxide stability in stored postmortem blood samples; J Anal Tox, Vol. 24, Oktober 2000, 572-578
  OEHHA (2000) Public Health Goal for Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride, DCM) in Drinking Water, prepared by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environemental Protection Agency, Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology Section; www.oehha.ca.gov/water/phg/pdf/dcm.pdf
2003
R. Ruel, Risikofall Abbeizer; Farbe & Lack (109), 6.2003, 65 -74 This article summerizes all fatality cases of this table with status of beginning 2003.